Bioacumulación de cadmio en hígado de aves de engorde por ingesta de piensos.
Fecha
2018
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comprobar la bioacumulación de cadmio en los hígados de aves de engorde para consumo humano mediante la ingesta de piensos orgánicos, artesanales e industriales. Se recolectaron muestras por triplicado de hígados y músculos de aves de engorde y de cada tipo de pienso. El contenido de cadmio se determinó mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica usando la técnica de horno de grafito. La concentraciónde cadmio en los piensos varió entre <0.014(LC) a 0.059 mg/kg. En los hígados fue de <0.014 (LC) a 0.028 mg/kg y en los músculos las concentraciones fueron menores al LC. Todos los valores de cadmio en las diferentes matrices se encontraron por debajo de los límites máximos establecidos en la legislación de la Unión Europea para compuestos (0.5 mg/kg), carne de aves de corral (0.005 mg/kg) y según el Codex alimentarius para piensos orgánicos (0.1 mg/kg). El contenido de cadmio entre los piensos mostró diferencias significativas (p=0.00) en los piensos. Sin embargo, no se evidenciaron diferencias significativas (p>0.05) en los hígados de las aves. La mayor concentración de cadmio en los piensos fue en el industrial y la menor fue el orgánico, por lo que representan el mejor alimento entre ellos. En los hígados, la mayor concentración se encontró en las aves alimentadas con piensos orgánicos y la menor en las aves alimentadas con pienso industrial demostrando que el pienso no es la causa principal de bioacumulación de cadmio en los hígados. Finalmente, se recomienda evitar el consumo de hígados pertenecientes a las aves por ser bioacumuladoras de metales pesados, específicamente cadmio.
The aim of this research was to verify the bioaccumulation of cadmium in the livers of broilers birds for human consumption through the intake of organic, artisanal and industrial feeds. Samples were collected in triplicate from livers and muscles of fattening birds and each type of feed. The cadmium content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using the graphite furnace technique. The concentration of cadmium in feed varied between <0.014 (LC) to 0.059 mg / kg. In the livers it was from <0.014 (LC) to 0.028 mg / kg and in the muscles the concentrations were lower than the LC. All cadmium values in the different matrices were found below the maximum limits established in European Union legislation for compounds (0.5 mg / kg), poultry meat (0.005 mg / kg) and according to the Codex alimentarius for organic feed (0.1 mg / kg). The content of cadmium among the feeds showed significant differences (p = 0.00) in the feed. However, there were no significant differences (p> 0.05) in the livers of the birds. The highest concentration of cadmium in feed was in the industrial and the lowest was organic, so they represent the best food among them. In livers, the highest concentration was found in birds fed organic feed and the lowest in birds fed industrial feed, demonstrating that feed is not the main cause of bioaccumulation of cadmium in livers. Finally, it is recommended to avoid the consumption of livers belonging to birds because they are bioaccumulators of heavy metals, specifically cadmium.
The aim of this research was to verify the bioaccumulation of cadmium in the livers of broilers birds for human consumption through the intake of organic, artisanal and industrial feeds. Samples were collected in triplicate from livers and muscles of fattening birds and each type of feed. The cadmium content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using the graphite furnace technique. The concentration of cadmium in feed varied between <0.014 (LC) to 0.059 mg / kg. In the livers it was from <0.014 (LC) to 0.028 mg / kg and in the muscles the concentrations were lower than the LC. All cadmium values in the different matrices were found below the maximum limits established in European Union legislation for compounds (0.5 mg / kg), poultry meat (0.005 mg / kg) and according to the Codex alimentarius for organic feed (0.1 mg / kg). The content of cadmium among the feeds showed significant differences (p = 0.00) in the feed. However, there were no significant differences (p> 0.05) in the livers of the birds. The highest concentration of cadmium in feed was in the industrial and the lowest was organic, so they represent the best food among them. In livers, the highest concentration was found in birds fed organic feed and the lowest in birds fed industrial feed, demonstrating that feed is not the main cause of bioaccumulation of cadmium in livers. Finally, it is recommended to avoid the consumption of livers belonging to birds because they are bioaccumulators of heavy metals, specifically cadmium.
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CADMIO, BIOACUMULACIÓN, HIGADO, PIENSOS, AVES DE ENGORDE